86 research outputs found
Circular Convolution Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) System with Index Modulation
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with
index modulation (OFDM-IM), which uses the subcarrier indices
as a source of information, has attracted considerable interest
recently. Motivated by the index modulation (IM) concept, we
build a circular convolution filter bank multicarrier with index
modulation (C-FBMC-IM) system in this paper. The advantages
of the C-FBMC-IM system are investigated by comparing the
interference power with the conventional C-FBMC system. As
some subcarriers carry nothing but zeros, the minimum mean
square error (MMSE) equalization bias power will be smaller
comparing to the conventional C-FBMC system. As a result,
our C-FBMC-IM system outperforms the conventional C-FBMC
system. The simulation results demonstrate that both BER and
spectral efficiency improvement can be achieved when we apply
IM into the C-FBMC system
Deep imaging inside scattering media through virtual spatiotemporal wavefront shaping
The multiple scattering of light makes materials opaque and obstructs
imaging. Optimized wavefronts can overcome scattering to focus but typically
require restrictive guidestars and only work within an isoplanatic patch.
Focusing by lenses and wavefront shaping by spatial light modulators also limit
the imaging volume and update speed. Here, we introduce scattering matrix
tomography (SMT): use the measured scattering matrix of the sample to construct
its volumetric image by scanning a confocal spatiotemporal focus with input and
output wavefront correction for every isoplanatic patch, dispersion
compensation, and index-mismatch correction--all performed digitally during
post-processing without a physical guidestar. The digital focusing offers a
large depth of field without constraint by the focal plane's Rayleigh range,
and the digital wavefront correction enables image optimization with fast
updates unrestricted by the speed of the hardware. We demonstrate SMT with
sub-micron diffraction-limited lateral resolution and one-micron
bandwidth-limited axial resolution at one millimeter beneath ex vivo mouse
brain tissue and inside a dense colloid, where conventional imaging methods
fail due to the overwhelming multiple scattering. SMT translates deep-tissue
imaging into a computational reconstruction and optimization problem. It is
noninvasive and label-free, with prospective applications in medical diagnosis,
biological science, colloidal physics, and device inspection
Controlling Lateral Fano Interference Optical Force with Au-Ge2Sb2Te5 Hybrid Nanostructure
We numerically demonstrate that a pronounced dipole–quadrupole (DQ) Fano resonance (FR) induced lateral force can be exerted on a dielectric particle 80 nm in radius (Rsphere = 80 nm) that is placed 5 nm above an asymmetric bow-tie nanoantenna array based on Au/Ge2Sb2Te5 dual layers. The DQ-FR-induced lateral force achieves a broad tuning range in the mid-infrared region by changing the states of the Ge2Sb2Te5 dielectric layer between amorphous and crystalline and in turn pushes the nanoparticle sideways in the opposite direction for a given wavelength. The mechanism of lateral force reversal is revealed through optical singularity in the Poynting vector. A thermal–electric simulation is adopted to investigate the temporal change of the Ge2Sb2Te5 film’s temperature, which demonstrates the possibility of transiting the Ge2Sb2Te5 state by electrical heating. Our mechanism by tailoring the DQ-FR-induced lateral force presents clear advantages over the conventional nanoparticle manipulation techniques: it possesses a pronounced sideways force under a low incident light intensity of 10 mW/μm2, a fast switching time of 2.6 μs, and a large tunable wavelength range. It results in a better freedom in flexible nanomechanical control and may provide a new means of biomedical sensing and nano-optical conveyor belts
Learning A Foundation Language Model for Geoscience Knowledge Understanding and Utilization
Large language models (LLMs)have achieved great success in general domains of
natural language processing. In this paper, we bring LLMs to the realm of
geoscience, with the objective of advancing research and applications in this
field. To this end, we present the first-ever LLM in geoscience, K2, alongside
a suite of resources developed to further promote LLM research within
geoscience. For instance, we have curated the first geoscience instruction
tuning dataset, GeoSignal, which aims to align LLM responses to
geoscience-related user queries. Additionally, we have established the first
geoscience benchmark, GeoBenchmark, to evaluate LLMs in the context of
geoscience. In this work, we experiment with a complete recipe to adapt a
pretrained general-domain LLM to the geoscience domain. Specifically, we
further train the LLaMA-7B model on over 1 million pieces of geoscience
literature and utilize GeoSignal's supervised data to fine-tune the model.
Moreover, we share a protocol that can efficiently gather domain-specific data
and construct domain-supervised data, even in situations where manpower is
scarce. Experiments conducted on the GeoBenchmark demonstrate the the
effectiveness of our approach and datasets
Decreased Netrin-1 and Correlated Th17/Tregs Balance Disorder in Aβ1–42 Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Model Rats
There is increasing evidence indicating that inflammation represents a key pathological component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A possible factor that may contribute to this process is netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. This molecule has been shown to exert an unexpected immunomodulatory function. However, the potential changes and correlations of netrin-1 with T helper 17/regulatory T cells (Th17/Tregs) as related to inflammation in AD has yet to be examined. In this study, netrin-1 and Th17/Tregs balance were investigated, and the relationship among netrin-1, Th17/Tregs and cognitive function were analyzed in a rat model of AD. In this model, a bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of Amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1–42) was used to produce spatial learning and memory deficits, as well as increased neuronal apoptosis, which were detected 7 days after injection for AD7d group and 14 days for AD14d group. Netrin-1 concentrations were significantly down regulated in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of these AD rats, effects which were strongly correlated with cognitive deficits. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and deceased IL-10 were observed in both the circulation and CSF and were also correlated with the percent of time spent in the target quadrant of AD in these rats. These changes resulted in netrin-1 concentrations being negatively correlated with IL-17 but positively correlated with IL-10 concentrations in the serum and CSF. We also found that the Th17/Tregs balance was disrupted in these AD rats. Collectively, these findings reveal that the reduction in netrin-1 and the correlated disruption of Th17/Tregs balance in AD rats may diminish the immunosuppressive effect of netrin-1 on Th17/Tregs in AD pathogenesis
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